Oroetos (Old Persian Utâna) also known as Otanes became Lydia’s satrap after crushing Samos under heel between circa 522 and 517 B.C. causing philosopher-mathematician Pythagoras to flee his homeland. (see pg 6) The importance of controlling Samos was no doubt its menacing fleet financed by Egyptian Pharaohs. Maritime details on this subject may be read at La Samaina.
http://www.roth37.it/COINS/Samaina/monetazione.html.
Oroetos’ quarrel with satrap Mitrobates ended with the latter’s murder and in turn his own execution underhandedly manoeuvred by Darius. This peculiar quarrel and later reaction of Darius were storied variously but it is difficult to believe Oroetos would also have murdered a messenger from the king after murdering a fellow satrap, if in fact he did. This is all too obscure even had he ignored political upheavals in Persia whilst Darius sought effulgence in power during those chaotic years. And after all what were the latter’s credentials to restrain Oroetos or any satrap having served blooded rulers ? Moreover, contemporaneous satraps as far-placed from their capital fallen to murder and factionalism undoubtedly profited too. Whatever the case, after his execution Darius may have replaced Oroetos briefly by Bagaeos followed by another Otanes who brought Samos under Achaemenid rule. The latter’s successor 513 B.C. as Lydian satrap was Artaphernes Darius’ younger brother. Persepolis tablets indicate another brother of Darius, Artabanos as Paktra’s satrap — named Bactria by classical writers and so too herein. After Artaphernes above, his son, another Artaphernes served as Lydia’s satrap, later experiencing the battle of Marathon in the year 490. Satraps such as Pharnuchus were attributed Aeolia and Phrygia at Hellespont (now Dardanelles), Artacamas Sardis, Lydia (Phrygia major) and Adusius, Caria.

Integrated into the first satrapy Xanthos (Arñna) and independent Lycia were synonymous in ancient times (pg. 5). In its death-struggle against Persia’s Harpagus above, under common assent Lycian leaders deliberately destroyed their city, their population and finally their army by a suicidal attack upon numerically superior Persian troops. This self-destruction left a population of eighty families. In light of such catastrophes or for other reasons unknown, Persia’s fist unclenched lightly enough to leave Lycia its own local rulers — who had been minting coinage since 520 B.C. *20 Persian influence nevertheless presided and Xanthos was rebuilt. A local dynasty would later claim descent from Harpagus. Artembares (Artempara) satrap of western Lycia is named upon local coinage and inscriptions during a period of direct Achaemenid control. The Persian period engendered various coins presenting winged man-headed bulls, spread-winged eagles, the lotus and dynasts donning the Persian tiara. Xenophon notes Gadates (possibly Assyrian) therewhile Ionia’s satrap which does not preclude Harpagus above or others since Darius’ reign was long. Land of poets, geographers and griffins, storied Ionia struck coinage dating back to 650 B.C. Today its well-preserved cities are Priene, Miletus, and Ephesus along with Didyma, an ancient seat of Apollo’s oracle which the Persians plundered and burned circa 494 B.C. Harpagos (above) previously defeated Ephesus in 547 B.C. owing to the city’s refusing Cyrus’ peace offers, siding instead with Lydia. We are left to admire or ponder toppled stones bearing carved images reproduced upon coins but more importantly fourth century B.C. tetradrachm “archers” have been discovered figuring Persian kings in the “kneeling-running” manner as we have seen, with reverses sketching a map of the Ephesus hinterland, a stupendous discovery for cartography. This coin may be seen here:
http://www.antiquainc.com/14c047.html

Further satrapies created under Darius were Achaemenid Arabia between Egypt and Mesopotamia. Excluded from taxes it nevertheless owed tribute of three hundred and fifty talents. Ethiopia did not seem to surface as a satrapy although referred to as the seventeenth which included Paricanians. Both produced four hundred annual talents of tribute. This land regularly provided valuable “gifts” such as ivory and ebony.

Gandhara,“land of light”, Waihind in Persian, a satrapy since Cyrus the Great, (now found in eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan’s Punjab) possessed legendary Takshasila, a city named Taxila by the Greeks. This region formed part of the seventh satrapy Its yearly contribution equalled 170 talents of gold-dust. Gandhara produced a coinage, shatamanas, seemingly based upon Persian standards during the time, since one coin equalled two sigloi. It is doubtful however any Achaemenid influence elicited coinage in these eastern lands since the former were themselves new to the idea (see page 4) and Gandharan issues were unique, uninfluenced from abroad similarly to northern India’s region forming the twentieth satrapy. The latter’s heavily populated regions brought forth a daunting three hundred and sixty talents of gold-dust. Bactria with its vast urban centres commanded by Persian satrap Dadarshish/Dadarshi (Page 1), existed as the twelfth satrapy paying three hunded and sixty talents. There was a certain Artabazos, satrap of Maka but this territory is disputed by scholars as located some say in today’s Iranian Baluchistan, others Pakistan and yet others, Oman.